{"id":5904,"date":"2013-08-12T02:39:11","date_gmt":"2013-08-12T08:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/19.org\/?p=5904"},"modified":"2013-12-29T15:07:24","modified_gmt":"2013-12-29T21:07:24","slug":"f-tipi-bilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/f-tipi-bilim\/","title":{"rendered":"F Tipi Bilim"},"content":{"rendered":"

F Tipi Bilim<\/span><\/strong>
\nHocan\u0131n \u0130lmi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ender Helvac\u0131o\u011flu<\/p>\n

\"Fethullah<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir bilim dergisinde, neden bir din adam\u0131 olan Fethullah G\u00fclen\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ele ald\u0131k? Birka\u00e7 nedeni var:<\/p>\n

Birincisi, Fethullah G\u00fclen bilimin alan\u0131na giriyor. Bilimsel g\u00f6z\u00fckmeye, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin bilim ile \u00e7eli\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem atfediyor. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda bilimsel geli\u015fmelerden ve bulgulardan s\u00f6z ediyor, \u00f6rnekler veriyor. Bilim ile dini bulu\u015fturmak ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rmak en b\u00fcy\u00fck misyonlar\u0131ndan biri. Temelde iki iddias\u0131 var: 1) B\u00fct\u00fcn bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin ve bulgular\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fczenini ve do\u011fadaki Allah yap\u0131s\u0131 ahengi kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131; 2) B\u00fct\u00fcn bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin ve bulgular\u0131n Kuran\u2019da \u00f6nceden i\u015faret edildi\u011fi. \u0130ddias\u0131na g\u00f6re onun dini bilimsel bir din, bilimi ise dininin kan\u0131t\u0131 olan bir bilimdir.<\/p>\n

Dini, bilim ile kan\u0131tlamak yeni bir moda. Eskiden dinciler bilim alan\u0131na pek girmezler, girmek istemezler, kendi alanlar\u0131nda fikir y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrlerdi. Dinin bilime s\u0131zmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fclkemizde dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin giderek geni\u015fleyen ideolojik hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n bilim alan\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan m\u0131 kaynaklan\u0131yor, yoksa son derece itibarl\u0131 bir etkinlik alan\u0131 olan bilimin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin kendini savunmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc, yoksa ilgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde ikisi birden mi veya \u00fclkemize \u00f6zg\u00fc bir post-modernist ak\u0131mla m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Her ne ise, bu modan\u0131n dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 buland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla biz, kendi alan\u0131m\u0131za y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131yla veya en az\u0131ndan bir bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rma giri\u015fimiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z ve bununla ilgilenmek zorunday\u0131z. Fethullah G\u00fclen\u2019in biliminin nas\u0131l bir bilim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek ve te\u015fhir etmek ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcy\u00fcz. Ve tabii bu, G\u00fclen\u2019in dininin de nas\u0131l bir din oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek ve te\u015fhir etmek anlam\u0131na geliyor, bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, Fethullah G\u00fclen\u2019in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde \u00f6zel bir konumu var. Asl\u0131nda, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle bir par\u00e7a ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir olmu\u015f herkesin kolayl\u0131kla saptayabilece\u011fi gibi, G\u00fclen\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel hi\u00e7bir de\u011feri ve ciddiye al\u0131nacak bir taraf\u0131 yok. Ba\u015fka biri olsa ger\u00e7ekten zaman ve emek harcamaya, derginin sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 bu konuya hasretmeye de\u011fmezdi.<\/p>\n

Fakat Fethullah G\u00fclen bug\u00fcn b\u0131rak\u0131n hayli geni\u015flemi\u015f ve etkisi itibar\u0131yla di\u011fer t\u00fcm tarikatlar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f cemaatinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iktidar partisinde ve \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde de etkili bir ki\u015filiktir. Cemaat, mecliste, h\u00fck\u00fcmette, devlet kurumlar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Cemaat \u00fcyeleri \u00fcniversitelerde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fckten \u00f6te y\u00f6netimdedir. Yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce e\u011fitim kurumu vard\u0131r ve buralarda on binlerce \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmektedir. \u00dclkedeki medya kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netmekte ve y\u00f6nlendirmektedir. Son derece yayg\u0131n bir cemaatin, \u00fclkeyi a\u011f gibi sarm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131 konumundad\u0131r G\u00fclen. Eskiden \u00fclke demir a\u011flarla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u015fimdi ise \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011flar\u0131yla\u2026 Hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi Fethullah G\u00fclen bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Atlantik \u00f6tesinden almaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu derece etkin ve derin bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir fikir yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu sergilemek \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

***<\/b><\/p>\n

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Dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce (ideoloji) ve din sistemleri uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fudur. \u0130nsan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 birbirine z\u0131t s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, ezen-ezilen\/y\u00f6neten-y\u00f6netilen\/s\u00f6m\u00fcren-s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet, meta \u00fcretimi, devlet, ordu, din\u2026 bunlar\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 tarihsel ve sosyolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n, ayn\u0131 paketin, uygarl\u0131k paketinin \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir. Devlet nas\u0131l y\u00f6netim tekeli, ordu nas\u0131l silah tekeli demekse, din de inan\u00e7 tekeli demektir.<\/p>\n

On binlerce, hatta y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcren uygarl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemin insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n hakim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imi sihirsel (b\u00fcy\u00fcsel) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n do\u011fa g\u00fc\u00e7lerine egemen olmaktan uzak bulunduklar\u0131 ilkel topluluk d\u00f6neminde, sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, insan-do\u011fa ve insan-insan ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenlemenin ve etkilemenin bir yolu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Do\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131 etkileme iste\u011fi (zorunlulu\u011fu), do\u011fay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yollarla etkileme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yani sihri (b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fc) yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f ise, \u00f6nce neolitik devrim (tar\u0131m devrimi), giderek uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f ile insanlar\u0131n do\u011faya egemen olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, daha sistemli ve daha soyut bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130nsan-do\u011fa ve insan-insan ili\u015fkilerini sistematize ederek ilkel d\u00f6nem kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bin bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc inanc\u0131 bir d\u00fczene sokar ve tekle\u015ftirir. Toplumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131y\u0131 (efendi-k\u00f6le ili\u015fkisini) egemenler lehine d\u00fczenleyen ve toplumu d\u00fczene sokan bir ideolojidir din. \u0130nsanl\u0131k ilkel topluluktan uygar topluma do\u011fru yol al\u0131rken, hakim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imi de sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7er. Tabi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir\u00e7ok a\u015famadan ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve yetkinle\u015fmi\u015ftir; en bilineni \u00e7ok tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan tek tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n

Dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn egemen ideoloji olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygar toplumlarda, b\u00fcy\u00fcsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce itibar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, marjinalle\u015fmi\u015f, hatta yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve sihirciler-b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan on binlerce y\u0131l insanlara y\u00f6n vermi\u015f sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imi i\u00e7inde, bir kal\u0131nt\u0131 olarak, hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131n\u0131n daha alt kademelerinde kendisine yer a\u00e7arak devam edebilmi\u015f, hatta kutsal metinlere de girebilmi\u015ftir. Ruhlar, cinler, periler, melekler, hayaletler, mucizeler, muskalar, nazarlar olarak\u2026 Oysa b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fa yasalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, her \u015feye hakim ve her \u015feyi d\u00fczene sokan soyut bir Tanr\u0131 (Allah) varken, ruhlara, cinlere, meleklere ne gerek vard\u0131r? Tanr\u0131ya yakarmak ve ondan dilemek varken, muskalardan medet ummak ne demektir? Bunlar sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7iminin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 bir uygarl\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihi ukalal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in yazmad\u0131k. Biz ne dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin eriyiz ne de sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin; bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin savunucusuyuz. Ama oraya gelmeden \u00f6nce, sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 vurgulamak istedik. Sa\u011flam ilahiyat e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f din adamlar\u0131 sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, prim vermezler. Klasik din d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda, ruh\u00e7uluk, ruh \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma, muskac\u0131l\u0131k, astroloji, parapsikoloji, telekinezi, medyumluk, k\u00e2hinlik, falc\u0131l\u0131k, r\u00fcya yorumlama gibi sihirsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenir, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131r ve reddedilir. Bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin savunucular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise bu t\u00fcr kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, \u201cdincilik\u201d olarak da de\u011fil, art\u0131k gelinen a\u015famada \u201c\u015farlatanl\u0131k\u201d olarak nitelenirler.<\/p>\n

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\u015eimdi gelelim konumuza, yani \u201choca\u201dm\u0131za\u2026 Fethullah G\u00fclen bir \u201cdin adam\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor; etkili bir tarikat\u0131n \u015fefidir. Ama \u201cG\u00fclen K\u00fclliyat\u0131\u201dn\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimizde, b\u0131rak\u0131n bilim adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, din adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bile a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Fethullah Hoca\u2019da (b\u00fcy\u00fcsel-dinsel) ne ararsan vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler:<\/p>\n