{"id":6580,"date":"2014-03-12T02:18:57","date_gmt":"2014-03-12T08:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/19.org\/?p=6580"},"modified":"2014-03-12T02:18:57","modified_gmt":"2014-03-12T08:18:57","slug":"din-bilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/din-bilim\/","title":{"rendered":"Felsefe ve Bilim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: large;\"><strong>S\u00fcnnilik Felsefe yerine Hikayeleri,<br \/>\nBilim Yerine Hurafeleri Savunan bir Din<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Edip Y\u00fcksel<br \/>\nwww.19.org<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/brain-colored.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-903\" alt=\"brain colored\" src=\"http:\/\/19.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/brain-colored.jpg\" width=\"250\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/03\/brain-colored.jpg 250w, https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2012\/03\/brain-colored-150x121.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Kuran\u2019\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiye merakl\u0131 tektanr\u0131c\u0131lar olmaktan uzak olsalar da, \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131nda hala bilgi edinimine ve e\u011fitime kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 mevcuttur. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Kuran\u2019\u0131n peygambere indirilmesinden birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra, mezhep \u00f6\u011fretileri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Kuran\u2019da \u0131srarla vurgulanan ele\u015ftirel ve analitik bilgi edinme s\u00fcreci sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ferisilerin Tevrat ve Zebur&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihanetin benzerini, hadis anlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve din adamlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da kendilerine Kuran\u2019\u0131 getiren Muhammed\u2019in \u00f6\u011fretilerine yapt\u0131lar. Kuran&#8217;\u0131n te\u015fvik etti\u011fi rasyonel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ve bilimsel metodolojiye \u00f6nem veren okullar bir zamanlar parantez i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihlerini verdi\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoflar ve bilim adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Hayyan (815): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimya;<\/li>\n<li>El-Harizmi (840):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cebir, astronomi,<\/li>\n<li>El-Kindi (873):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Optik, matematik, fizik ve astronomi;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Qurra (901): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Matematik ve astronomi;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Duraid (934):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filoloji;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Sinan (946):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Geometri, astronomi;<\/li>\n<li>Farabi (950): \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Felsefe ve Mant\u0131k,<\/li>\n<li>El-Nedim (998):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bibliyograf;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn \u015eal (1000):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Matematik\u00e7i, optik\u00e7i;<\/li>\n<li>El-Zehrevi (1013):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cerrah;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Sina (1037): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u0131p ve Felsefe;<\/li>\n<li>Ebu-l \u0130yz \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Otomasyon<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Heysem (1040): \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Fizik ve Optik;<\/li>\n<li>El-Biruni (1048): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Co\u011frafya, matematik;<\/li>\n<li>El-Maverdi (1058): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Siyaset bilimi ve sosyoloji;<\/li>\n<li>El-Zarqali (1087):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Astronomi, matematik;<\/li>\n<li>El-Khayyam (1123): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Matematik;<\/li>\n<li>El-Idrisi (1166):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Co\u011frafya ve haritac\u0131l\u0131k;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Ru\u015fd (1198):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Felsefe, mant\u0131k, matematik ve t\u0131p;<\/li>\n<li>El-Jezeri (1206): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Otomasyon, mekanik m\u00fchendislik;<\/li>\n<li>El-Nafis (1288):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u0131p;<\/li>\n<li>El-\u015eatir (1375):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Astronomi;<\/li>\n<li>Ibn Haldun (1395): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sosyoloji ve tarih felsefesi;<\/li>\n<li>Taqi el-Din (1585): \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Astronomi, mekanik m\u00fchendislik, ve optik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ancak, dini dedikodu koleksiyonu olan hadis kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n otoritesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve \u00f6zellikle de Gazali\u2019nin Sultan\u2019\u0131n deste\u011fini de arkas\u0131na alarak filozoflar\u0131 \u015feytani ilan etmesi ve felsefeyi k\u0131namas\u0131yla, ikinci bin y\u0131lda ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle beraber \u0130slam medeniyetinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu ve topraklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ra\u011fmen, 12. y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bilim adamlar\u0131 ve filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n disiplinlere katk\u0131lar\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Okullar, \u00f6nceki ku\u015faklar\u0131n eserlerini ezberleyen ve y\u00fcceltilip putla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f isimlerin fikirlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden tekrarlayan papa\u011fanlar \u00fcretir oldular. Bir zamanlar \u0130slam medeniyetinin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olan felsefe bile Aristo ve Platon gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstatlar\u0131n fikirlerinin ezberletildi\u011fi bir konuma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yani kritik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme faaliyeti olan felsefe bile rivayet ve hik\u00e2ye haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran\u2019\u0131n ilk vahyinin, 96. suresinin ilk ayeti oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">96:1\u00a0Yaratan Rabbinin ismiyle oku.<br \/>\n96:2\u00a0O, insan\u0131 bir embriyodan yaratt\u0131.<br \/>\n96:3\u00a0Oku, Rabbin En C\u00f6mert\/Y\u00fcce oland\u0131r.<br \/>\n96:4\u00a0Kalem yoluyla \u00f6\u011fretti.<br \/>\n96:5\u00a0\u0130nsana bilmediklerini \u00f6\u011fretti.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran\u2019da, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 yani bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde Allah\u2019a teslim olan Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, bilgi edinmeye, dogmalar\u0131 sorgulamaya, din d\u00e2hil her konuda ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya te\u015fvik eden say\u0131s\u0131z ayet vard\u0131r. Kuran, k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne inanmay\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle akla ve deneye dayanmayan kan\u0131tlardan olu\u015fan bir inanc\u0131 \u015fiddetle reddeder. \u0130\u015fte size rasyonel bir sorgulama, bilgi ve kan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6nemine vurgu yapan birka\u00e7 ayet:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">4:162\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ancak aralar\u0131ndaki derin ilim sahipleri ve inananlar, sana indirilene ve senden \u00f6nce indirilene inan\u0131r. Namaz\u0131 g\u00f6zetir, zekat\u0131 verir, ALLAH&#8217;a ve ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne inan\u0131rlar; bunlara b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6d\u00fcl verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">10:100\u00a0\u00a0 Hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fi ALLAH&#8217;\u0131n izni olmadan inanamaz ve O, ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayanlar\u0131 rezilli\u011fe mahkum eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">10:101\u00a0\u00a0 De ki: &#8220;G\u00f6klerde ve yerde neler var, bir bak\u0131n! \u0130nanmayan bir topluma deliller ve uyar\u0131lar k\u00e2r etmez.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">12:111\u00a0\u00a0 Onlar\u0131n tarihinde, bilin\u00e7 sahipleri i\u00e7in bir ders vard\u0131r. Bu, uydurma bir hadis de\u011fil; fakat kendisinden \u00f6ncekilerin do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, her \u015feyin detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131\u00a0ve inananlar i\u00e7in bir hidayet ve Rahmettir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">17:36\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilmedi\u011fin bir \u015feye inan\u0131p ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fme, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fitme, g\u00f6rme duyusu ve beyin, hepsi ondan sorumludur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">22:54\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu durum, ayn\u0131 zamanda, kendilerine bilgi verilmi\u015f olanlar\u0131n bunun Rabbinden gelen bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece kalpleri onu benimser ve iman ederler. ALLAH, elbette, inananlar\u0131 do\u011fru yola ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">29:20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De ki, &#8220;Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc dola\u015f\u0131n ve yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn.&#8221;\u00a0Sonra, yine ALLAH (ahiretteki) son yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatacakt\u0131r. ALLAH&#8217;\u0131n her \u015feye g\u00fcc\u00fc yeter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">34:46 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De ki, &#8220;Size bir tek \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcm var: ALLAH i\u00e7in iki\u015fer iki\u015fer, yahut teker teker kalk\u0131n, sonra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Sizin arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda bir delilik yoktur. O sadece, \u00e7etin bir cezadan \u00f6nce sizi uyaran birisidir.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">35:28\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, insanlar, hayvanlar, \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131 da \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerdedir. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki kullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ALLAH&#8217;\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi sayanlar bilim adamlar\u0131d\u0131r. ALLAH \u00dcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr, Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayand\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran\u2019a g\u00f6re ana-babam\u0131z\u0131, dini liderleri veya herhangi birini k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne izlemek yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u015feytan\u0131n yoludur (2:170; 5:104: 10:78,100; 17:36; 26:74; 31:21; 34:43; 43:22, 23). Yine Kuran\u2019a g\u00f6re, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, felsefi ve dini sorular\u0131na cevap ararlarken kendilerini akranlar\u0131n\u0131n, ana-babalar\u0131n\u0131n, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, kalabal\u0131klar\u0131n, atalar\u0131n\u0131n, dogmalar\u0131n, ideolojilerin ve h\u00fcsn\u00fc kuruntular\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan koruyanlard\u0131r. Akl\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir otoriteye teslim etmeyen bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, bir \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan modelidir. Allah hakikatin kendisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman da do\u011frunun ve ger\u00e7e\u011fin daimi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011frular ve ger\u00e7eklerden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin \u00fczerinde otorite kurmas\u0131na izin vermez. \u00d6yleyse M\u00fcsl\u00fcman; ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duran cesur ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan ve \u00f6zellikle ebedi kurtulu\u015fuyla ilgili olan iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 makul bir dozda \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6sterebilen bir bireydir. Kansas \u00dcniversitesinden matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc Jeffrey Lang, orijinal \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve bilimsel y\u00f6ntemin \u00f6nemine vurgu yapan d\u00fczinelerce Kuran ayetine dikkatimizi \u00e7eker:<\/p>\n<p>Kuran\u2019\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ak\u0131l ve iman, yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015fla mant\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k gibi birbirine dosttur ve ikisi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 samimi bir \u015fekilde \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n aras\u0131na koyar: \u201cdo\u011fru yanl\u0131\u015ftan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d31 Kuran\u2019dan en \u00e7ok faydalananlar \u201cak\u0131l ve anlay\u0131\u015f sahipleri\u201d32, \u201ckendilerine bilgi verilenler\/derin bilgi sahipleri\u201d, \u201cakl\u0131n\u0131 kullananlar\u201d34 ve \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k deliller ve kan\u0131tlara dayananlard\u0131r.\u201d35 Vahye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlarsa, \u201caldananlar\u201d36, \u201capa\u00e7\u0131k bir sap\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7inde olanlar\u201d37, \u201ccahiller,\u201d38 \u201cbeyinsizler\u201d39, \u201ckavrayamayanlar\u201d40, \u201czanna uyanlar\u201d41 ve k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne gelene\u011fe uyanlard\u0131r42.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran, neredeyse Sokratvari bir \u00fcslupla okuyucusunu s\u00fcrekli olarak test eder ve ondan s\u00fcrekli olarak kendi san\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Tekrar ve tekrar \u201c\u2026 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun?\u201d43 ve \u201chi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez misin?\u201d44 diye sorar.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u2026 m\u0131 san\u0131yorsunuz\/san\u0131yorlar?\u201d45 \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler mi?\u201d46 \u201c\u2026 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr m\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcz (veya onlar, inkarc\u0131lar, insanlar vs. d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler mi)?\u201d47 Mesaj yeterince a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Daha do\u011fru bir imana sahip olmak i\u00e7in kendimizi atalar\u0131m\u0131zdan miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z fikirlerden kurtarmal\u0131 ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 rasyonel bir \u015fekilde incelemeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6\u011frenmek insan\u0131n manevi geli\u015fiminde anahtar role sahiptir. Kuran, okuyucusuna \u201cOku!\u201d diye \u00f6\u011f\u00fct verir. \u201cKalem yoluyla \u00f6\u011fretir\u201d, \u201cinsana bilmediklerini \u00f6\u011fretti.\u201d (96:4-5). Ya\u015famda, do\u011fada, tarihte ve Kuran\u2019da \u201cak\u0131l sahipleri\u201d i\u00e7in \u201ci\u015faretler\u201d ve \u201cibretler\u201d vard\u0131r.48 Kuran y\u00fczden fazla kez \u201ca\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in\u201d vahyedildi\u011fini belirtir. Allah insanl\u0131\u011fa hem direkt hem de dolayl\u0131 olarak \u00f6\u011fretir, baz\u0131 durumlardaysa o kadar zekice \u00f6\u011fretir ki ne direktif verdi\u011fini fark edemeyiz (96:4-5)49.\u00a0 B\u00f6yle yaparak bizi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde test eder.50<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya insan\u0131n yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir e\u011fitim sahnesi olarak resmedildi\u011finden, Kuran\u2019\u0131n \u201cyarg\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d tasvirinin hemen hemen akademik bir renge b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu durum, bir \u00fcniversite kamp\u00fcs\u00fcndeki d\u00f6nem sonu veya mezuniyet g\u00fcn\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. O g\u00fcn insanl\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lacak (56:7-56) \u00a0[<i>Losing My Religion: A Call for Help (Dinimi Kaybetmek: Bir \u0130mdat \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131) <\/i>Jeffrey Lang, Amana Publications, 2004, sayfa 65-66.]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>31.<\/sup> Sure 2:256; 7:146; 7:202; 19:59.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>32<\/sup>. Sure 2:179; 2:197; 2:269; 3:7; 3:190; 5:100; 12:111; 13:19; 14:52; 38:29; 38:43; 39:9; 39:18; 39:21; 40:54; 65:10.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>33<\/sup>. Sure 4:162; 22:54; 28:80; 29:49; 30:56; 34:6; 47:16; 58:11.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>34<\/sup>. Sure 2:164; 6:98; 13:4; 16:67; 20:54; 20:128; 29:35; 30:24; 30:28; 45:5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>35<\/sup>. Sure 6: 104; 7:203; 12: 1 08; 17: 102; 28:43; 45:20; 75: 14.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>36<\/sup>. Sure 3:24; 6:70; 6:130; 7:51; 8:49; 45:35; 57:14; 67:20; 82:6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>37<\/sup>. Sure 3:164; 4:60; 4:116; 4:136; 4:167; 10:32; 14:3; 14:18; 19:38; 21:54; 22:12; 23:106; 26:97; 28:85; 31:11; 33:36; 34:8; 34:24; 36:24, 37:69; 39:22; 40:25; 40:50; 42:18; 46:32; 54:47; 62:2; 67:29.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>38<\/sup>. Sure 2:67; 2:273; 6:35; 6:111; 7:138; 7:179; 11:29; 11:46; 12:33; 12:89; 25:63; 27:55; 28:55; 39:64; 46:23.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>39<\/sup>. Sure 2: 13; 2: 130; 72:4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>40<\/sup>. Sure 4:78; 6:25; 7: 179; 8:65; 9:87; 9: 127; 59: 13; 63:3; 63:7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>41<\/sup>. Sure 4:157; 6:116; 6:148; 10:36; 10:66; 43:20; 45:32; 53:23; 53:28.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>42<\/sup>. Sure 2:170; 5:104; 6:148; 7:28; 7:70; 7:173; 10:78; 11:109; 11:62; 11:87; 14:10; 16:35; 21:53-54; 23:24; 26:74; 28:36; 31:21; 34:43; 37:69-70; 43:22-24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>43<\/sup>. Sure 6:40; 6:46; 6:47; 11:28; 11:63; 11:88; 17:62; 18:63; 26:205; 28:71; 28:72; 39:38; 41:52; 67:28; 67:30; 96:9; 96:11; 96:13.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>44<\/sup>. Sure 10:50; 10:59; 26:75; 35:40; 45:23; 46:4; 46:10; 53:19; 55:33; 56:58; 56:63; 56:71; 107:1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>45<\/sup>. Sure 2:214; 3:142; 9:16; 23:115; 29:4; 45:21; 47:29.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>46<\/sup>. Sure 4:82; 47:24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>47<\/sup>. Sure 2:214; 3:142; 9:16; 18:9; 18:102; 23:55; 23:115; 25:44; 29:2; 29:4; 43:80; 45:21; 47:29; 75:3; 75:36; 90:5; 90:7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>48<\/sup>. Sure 2:179; 2:197; 2:269; 3:7; 3:13; 3:190; 5:100; 12:111; 13:19; 14:52; 16:66; 23:21; 24:44; 38:29; 38:43; 39:9; 39:18; 39:21; 40:54; 65:10; 79:26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>49<\/sup>. Sure 2:31; 2:129; 2:151; 2:282; 2:239; 2:251; 2:282; 3:164; 4:113; 5: 113; 12:37; 18:65; 21 :80; 53:5; 55:2; 55:4; 62:2; 96:4-5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><sup>50<\/sup>. Sure 2:49; 2:155; 3:152; 3:154; 3:186; 5:48; 5:94; 6:165; 7:141; 7:163; 7:168; 11:7; 14:6; 16:92; 18:7; 21:35; 23:30; 27:40; 33:11; 37:106; 44:33; 47:4; 47:31; 67:2; 68: 17; 76:2; 89: 16.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran\u2019\u0131n vahyedilmesinden hemen sonra ilkel Arap kabilelerinin, Avrupa\u2019daki R\u00f6nesans ve Reform hareketleri d\u00e2hil, bir\u00e7ok bilimsel ba\u015far\u0131ya katk\u0131 yapan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetlerinden birini kurmu\u015f olmalar\u0131na \u015fa\u015fmamal\u0131. Avrupa karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n kapan\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u0130spanya\u2019da y\u00fcz y\u0131llard\u0131r adalet, bilim ve uygarl\u0131k fenerini ellerinde tutuyorlard\u0131. Ancak, zamanla, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yerini bat\u0131l itikatlar, dini uydurmalar, yozla\u015fma, tembellik ve durgunluk ald\u0131. Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin yerine dogmatizm ge\u00e7ti. \u00c7eli\u015fkili ve gerileten hadisler k\u00fclliyat\u0131 ve din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi f\u0131khi fetvalar ve haramlar Kuran\u2019\u0131n yerini alarak referans ve rehber olarak kabul edildi. (Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe, Kuran mesaj\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz S\u00fcnni ve \u015eii dinini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u201c\u0130slami Reform \u0130\u00e7in Manifesto\u201d kitab\u0131mda tan\u0131k olabilirsiniz.)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00fcnnilik Felsefe yerine Hikayeleri, Bilim Yerine Hurafeleri Savunan bir Din Edip Y\u00fcksel www.19.org G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Kuran\u2019\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiye merakl\u0131 tektanr\u0131c\u0131lar olmaktan uzak olsalar da, \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131nda hala bilgi edinimine ve e\u011fitime kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 mevcuttur. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Kuran\u2019\u0131n peygambere indirilmesinden birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra, mezhep \u00f6\u011fretileri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Kuran\u2019da \u0131srarla vurgulanan ele\u015ftirel ve &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/din-bilim\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading &lsquo;Felsefe ve Bilim&rsquo; &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,1057],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edipyuksel","category-gok-kusagi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6580"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6581,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6580\/revisions\/6581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/19.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}